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[Music]

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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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from Australia for science and reason

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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yes it's the skeptic zone podcast

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episode number 513 for the 19th of

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August 2018 it's not the numerology

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podcast although with all those numbers

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richardsaunders here with you from

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Sydney Australia coming off the back of

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two weeks of wonderful science at

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science Week which really lasted for two

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weeks so on this week's episode of the

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skeptics only Lots from science week

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however we're gonna kick off with an

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interview with Kate brown now Kate Brown

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known to many Australians as the guilty

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mum from ABC's checkout program he is

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also going to be the emcee for this

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year's skeptic on in October here in

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Sydney in Chatswood I caught up with

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Kate Brown a couple of days ago and she

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tells us all about her other work at

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choice magazine and also about her time

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at the checkout Consumer Affairs and

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skepticism following that it's part two

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of Maynard's spooky action at the

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Australian Museum where maenad was

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running around meeting and interviewing

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all sorts of scientists and interesting

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people this week dr. Carol chrysalis key

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part - good sir there's never enough

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time with dr. Karl cross on whiskey part

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2 of maynard's interview of dr. Karl

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followed by an interview with Katherine

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poults who was the program producer for

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the Sydney Science Festival and next

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week even more interviews from the

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launch of Science Week with Maynard

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following that I chat to Alethea Dean

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from the Australian skeptics who's going

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to be filling us in on more details

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about the upcoming skeptic on in October

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we have news of the possibility of a

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crash and a sign language interpreter

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and this is where we might be asking for

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your feedback and input then I head to

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the powerhouse museum or it's also known

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as the Museum of applied Arts and

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Sciences here in Sydney to speed meet

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the scientists I found myself in a room

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full of scientists all sitting at their

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desks just waiting just waiting to

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interviewed or to chat to the general

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public so I chat to marine biologists

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and people involved with bees and

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ecologists and all sorts of people this

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week and this is the first part of a

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series of these interviews next week

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part 2 and the week after part 3 there

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were just so many scientists to meet

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then to wrap up the show a really

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interesting interview with our reporter

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Kevin Davies based in Canberra now have

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a listen to this now some of you out

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there probably knew what that said that

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little bit of Morse code well we're

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going to be finding out about a

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wonderful lady called will

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affectionately known as mrs. Mac who

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taught thousands of people Morse code

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now before I listen to this interview

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myself I knew SOS in Morse code due to

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which a lot of people do it's quite

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famous but after listening to this

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interview I now know a couple more

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letters in Morse code and I won't forget

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them it's really interesting maybe I

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should learn the whole alphabet but now

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it's time for me to run downstairs and

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have some caramel pudding thanks Trish

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mmm my good friend Trish Han who appears

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on the sceptic zone from time to time is

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also my secret supplier of caramel

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pudding yes I'm gonna run downstairs

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grab some of that quickly come back and

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bring you the skeptic zone

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[Music]

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I'm with Kate Brown and Kate you're

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going to be the MC for skeptic on it's

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true I can't believe I'm being allowed

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let loose on the microphone for two days

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we're really looking forward to it now

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for those people out there especially in

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Australia and they're thinking okay

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Brown where do I know that name from

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where might people have seen you before

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popped up in a few places I'm well known

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for being a consumer journalist I work

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at choice

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I was also the artist formerly known as

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the guilty mum on the sadly now defunct

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TV show the check out sorry it's not to

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punch it's on hiatus according to the

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ABC oh yeah I was gonna ask you about

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that well let's look at choice first how

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long have you been with choice magazine

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I've worked a choice for over ten years

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I'm an editor there now I fully immersed

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in the consumer world but with a big

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dash of science obviously we love to

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test things at choice we love to get the

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real facts on things that some of the

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area's I look at are things like food

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the wellness industry the diet industry

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product safety and just about anything

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else you can think of I like I like the

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fact you said that wellness industry and

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it is an industry isn't it the wellness

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industry is huge and even with choice

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Raiders I'm surprised often if we

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present the facts on a particular

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product that's having its moment in the

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Sun we do get a lot of kickback from

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people even if we provide all the

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evidence or the lack of evidence more

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more commonly and it is interesting how

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much people do latch onto things around

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wellness these days and really really

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emotionally defend them and when you say

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kickback of course you mean flack I do I

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don't mean I'm funded by the ante bonus

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industry someone did actually accuse me

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once of being funded by what was it it

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made me laugh the the plant oil industry

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hmm the plant oil industry I had written

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an article about coconut oil which is

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apparently can cure anything

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you know yes and this and I suggested

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that things like olive oil or other oils

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were just as good if not better and a

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gentleman did write in and suggest that

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I was funded I don't know if there is

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such an industry but if there is sadly

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that they're not putting any money in my

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pocket we're all funded by some

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nefarious big corporation didn't you

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know that well I didn't your check come

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yet I'm still waiting for my check but

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Joyce magazine folks we've had a long

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and happy relationship at the sceptics

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of choice magazine we've gone in there

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often to have a chat about this product

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or that product or or more recently I

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think we did strange devices but this is

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exactly the sort of thing choice

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magazine have been looking at for years

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it is and the area that I look after we

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do look at health so we do see a lot of

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interesting health products sadly many

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of them appear in pharmacies and of

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course the most consumers look

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completely legitimate and even before I

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worked at choice I assumed anything in a

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pharmacy was legitimate we've looked at

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things like magnet cures for back pain

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and muscular pain

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the fabulous pain eraser which we looked

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at last year at choice which is like

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kind of using one of those things you

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like your barbecue and putting it

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against your skin doesn't do much but

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the pain arises you know well over 50

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bucks so an interesting choice for pain

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relief but yeah look these things are

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constantly growing another hedge and

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keep us pretty busy yeah yeah and I

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think that did that winner chunky award

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last year from remembering Crickett yeah

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and and just for those listeners

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overseas the shock ease it's like the

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bent spoon award the Australians get

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because it's it's the ward you don't

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want to get from choice magazines true

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the the winners never show up certainly

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Richard not once and many of the winners

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have included large banking corporations

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other corporates large food

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manufacturers they never turn up it's

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very sad it's very sad now this does tie

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in with the work in the checkout of

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course and I remember

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when the checkout started just before it

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started I went to there we see and I

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interviewed chairs I think and he was

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still one of the producers yeah yeah

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Chaz did a lot of script editing behind

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the scenes work you can play spot the

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chairs too he often pops up in some of

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the segments I must have a look at some

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of the there I would say repeat so the

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good thing is and what I really love

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many things about the check out

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it's a favorite show of the skeptics of

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course but so much of it is simply

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freely available on YouTube and I think

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that it's a wonderful idea

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yeah look I think with the show it was a

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great approach they released every

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episode on YouTube they also put each

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segment on YouTube which i think is

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really clever

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there's nothing more annoying than

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having to scroll through 30 minutes of a

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show trying to find that segment that

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you like that pertain to your interests

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and I thought that was a great way of

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making that information accessible but

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really shareable so even even the

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dreaded guilty mum has her own channel

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with every single episode separately

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listed and I think that's what has given

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the show so much Skype in terms of

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viewers when the show was put on hiatus

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recently it was interesting to see that

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quite a few people from overseas had

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been watching it in the States and in

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Canada and even though they were saying

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look how laws are different we're you

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know I could take a lot of the

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principles because a lot of them are

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just common sense and apply them to our

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own situations so I think you know it's

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a it was a really fantastic public

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service it's a great way to give people

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information that's memorable by telling

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a story making a joke

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and it really resonated with with

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younger people as well and so I think

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you know as sad as it is that it's on

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hiatus or possibly acts you know that

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that great information lives on on

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YouTube it certainly does now folks in

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this week's show notes I shall link

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directly to the guilty mum Channel is it

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called the guilty mum or as a guilty mum

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or Kelsi mom has a guilty mum Oh even

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when you say it now I'm

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definitely not one in my own life but

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I'm more of a slack mom that yes as a

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guilty mum she does have her own channel

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and there's some other great consumer

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info on there they've done some great

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work on pharmacy some of those great

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pharmacy products in fact that you will

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see chosen that there was a great one

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about cold and flu medication shows how

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to cameo at dresses a giant nose very

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cranky nose they'll watch that one

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but yeah hop on and have a look

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certainly why again folks Lincoln this

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week's show notes and I'll tell you a

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very good friend of ours in the

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skeptical world Michael Marshall who is

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in the good thinking society in the UK I

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would sometimes send him a link to

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something from the checkout and he'd

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write back hours and hours later said

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I've just spent the last six hours

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watching the checkout quite addictive so

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congratulations by the way and all that

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work yeah and I think you came across as

275
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your character very well it was you did

276
00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:03,800
it with such style and the hint of

277
00:12:06,790 --> 00:12:06,050
cheekiness and humor and I thought it

278
00:12:09,580 --> 00:12:06,800
was very enjoyable

279
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thank you it was brave Julian and Craig

280
00:12:14,470 --> 00:12:11,300
to give me a guy I'd never been let

281
00:12:16,090 --> 00:12:14,480
loose on a camera before so maybe it was

282
00:12:17,890 --> 00:12:16,100
good therapy after being a parent myself

283
00:12:20,140 --> 00:12:17,900
but yeah it was it was a great show to

284
00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:20,150
work on and and and for me like a great

285
00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:22,310
way to say that consumer faith doesn't

286
00:12:27,190 --> 00:12:24,890
have to be boring and fact you know

287
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evidence-based stuff doesn't have to be

288
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boring you can you know it's how you

289
00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:31,310
tell the story so we are very excited

290
00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:32,720
and very much looking forward to the

291
00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:34,490
fact that you're M seeing our skeptic on

292
00:12:40,300 --> 00:12:38,690
in October how do you feeling about that

293
00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:40,310
you've sort of taking a big breath or

294
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:42,560
what do you expect oh look you know I

295
00:12:46,270 --> 00:12:44,210
know Laurens long did it last year and

296
00:12:50,020 --> 00:12:46,280
he's very good with a Rubik's Cube I

297
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don't think I have any talents to rival

298
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that I do have a very loud voice and I

299
00:12:57,550 --> 00:12:55,010
am quite bossy being a parent so I you

300
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know I'll be keeping people in line I'm

301
00:13:01,480 --> 00:12:59,870
really excited to UM I'm also really

302
00:13:02,620 --> 00:13:01,490
excited to be privy to the whole two

303
00:13:05,290 --> 00:13:02,630
dates because you've got an amazing

304
00:13:07,150 --> 00:13:05,300
line-up and I'm really looking forward

305
00:13:09,060 --> 00:13:07,160
to it I loved it last year and I think

306
00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:09,070
this year looks even even better again

307
00:13:13,510 --> 00:13:10,970
absolutely well thank you very much for

308
00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:13,520
your time folks yet another reason my

309
00:13:16,430 --> 00:13:14,910
goodness me to come

310
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- you're saying skeptics National

311
00:13:20,900 --> 00:13:18,600
Convention skeptic on and you can meet

312
00:13:23,350 --> 00:13:20,910
their guilty mum in person okay thank

313
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:23,360
you very much thank you ceasing

314
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[Music]

315
00:13:40,910 --> 00:13:38,100
Blackwatch your guide to quackery Pell

316
00:13:41,930 --> 00:13:40,920
fraud and intelligent decisions operated

317
00:13:44,660 --> 00:13:41,940
by Stephan Barratt

318
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MD quite watch is now an international

319
00:13:49,220 --> 00:13:46,980
network of people who concerned about

320
00:13:51,740 --> 00:13:49,230
health related frauds myths fans

321
00:13:54,590 --> 00:13:51,750
fallacies and misconduct its primary

322
00:13:57,050 --> 00:13:54,600
focus is on quackery related information

323
00:13:59,870 --> 00:13:57,060
that is difficult or impossible to get

324
00:14:03,260 --> 00:13:59,880
elsewhere articles on quackery include

325
00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:03,270
quackery how should it be defined how it

326
00:14:10,070 --> 00:14:06,890
sells 26 ways to spot it how it comes

327
00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:10,080
cancer patients 7 warning signs for

328
00:14:15,550 --> 00:14:12,570
bogus science why health professionals

329
00:14:17,630 --> 00:14:15,560
become quacks and many more including

330
00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:17,640
in-depth looks at an acupuncture

331
00:14:26,630 --> 00:14:21,210
chiropractic homeopathy naturopathy and

332
00:14:36,500 --> 00:14:26,640
much more visit www.gfi.com/webmonitor

333
00:14:46,260 --> 00:14:41,700
here's main our spooky action at the

334
00:14:47,940 --> 00:14:46,270
distance now I just love hearing about

335
00:14:51,510 --> 00:14:47,950
your travels you're going to be at the

336
00:14:53,310 --> 00:14:51,520
the skeptics convention yes getting you

337
00:14:55,350 --> 00:14:53,320
a happily first cab off the rank I think

338
00:14:57,120 --> 00:14:55,360
with a brand new show and look Carl

339
00:14:58,800 --> 00:14:57,130
since I've met you many many years ago

340
00:15:00,300 --> 00:14:58,810
the world has changed a lot in the place

341
00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:00,310
of science is certainly very different

342
00:15:03,780 --> 00:15:02,170
and the way science is regarded seems to

343
00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:03,790
be in under threat at the moment do you

344
00:15:08,220 --> 00:15:06,670
feel that or not there's the rise of

345
00:15:11,430 --> 00:15:08,230
fake news but there's always been fake

346
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:11,440
news going all the way back to the Great

347
00:15:15,990 --> 00:15:15,010
Fire of London and even earlier with the

348
00:15:18,450 --> 00:15:16,000
Great Fire of Rome

349
00:15:20,250 --> 00:15:18,460
so because I always try and blame a

350
00:15:21,630 --> 00:15:20,260
group of people that they don't like us

351
00:15:26,070 --> 00:15:21,640
starting it that's always one they

352
00:15:28,740 --> 00:15:26,080
always bring up so science has a

353
00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:28,750
disadvantage which is that it in some

354
00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:30,970
cases can be absolutely true and some

355
00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:32,410
people don't like this for various

356
00:15:37,470 --> 00:15:34,690
reasons so it was a guard to global

357
00:15:40,950 --> 00:15:37,480
warming what we have is a situation that

358
00:15:44,130 --> 00:15:40,960
out of a world gross domestic product of

359
00:15:47,010 --> 00:15:44,140
about 90 or so billion dollars the

360
00:15:49,140 --> 00:15:47,020
fossil fuel companies gets subsidies of

361
00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:49,150
about five and a bit trillion dollars a

362
00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:53,680
year or six point two five percent of

363
00:15:59,780 --> 00:15:56,050
the world's gross domestic product so

364
00:16:02,010 --> 00:15:59,790
every single dollar that is earned the

365
00:16:04,590 --> 00:16:02,020
your fossil fuel companies on average

366
00:16:07,260 --> 00:16:04,600
around the world get six and a half six

367
00:16:08,700 --> 00:16:07,270
and a quarter cents question when was

368
00:16:11,130 --> 00:16:08,710
the last time you saw a fossil fuel

369
00:16:12,510 --> 00:16:11,140
company being broke and trying to have a

370
00:16:14,610 --> 00:16:12,520
lemon gun sale at the local primary

371
00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:14,620
school on a Sunday morning to raise some

372
00:16:20,310 --> 00:16:17,770
money so the question is why do the

373
00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:20,320
fossil fuel companies get so much money

374
00:16:25,170 --> 00:16:22,660
on top of the profits while they're

375
00:16:26,940 --> 00:16:25,180
destroying our environment it seems that

376
00:16:29,340 --> 00:16:26,950
they must have friends in high places in

377
00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:29,350
Australia the latest data we have goes

378
00:16:33,210 --> 00:16:30,730
back in 2015

379
00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:33,220
and the amount of money paid as

380
00:16:39,180 --> 00:16:36,280
subsidies free money to the fossil fuel

381
00:16:41,420 --> 00:16:39,190
companies is 2% of our GDP it's more

382
00:16:44,490 --> 00:16:41,430
than the military yet it works out to in

383
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:44,500
2015 dollars one thousand two hundred

384
00:16:51,780 --> 00:16:47,920
and sixty dollars that every Australian

385
00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:51,790
citizen baby to grandparent pays to the

386
00:16:56,010 --> 00:16:54,370
fossil fuel companies on top of their

387
00:16:57,450 --> 00:16:56,020
massive profits and the fact that

388
00:16:59,850 --> 00:16:57,460
they're destroying the environment

389
00:17:01,200 --> 00:16:59,860
because they can just buy what they want

390
00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:01,210
really that Deb that bought the

391
00:17:04,530 --> 00:17:03,250
politicians well the answer to that is

392
00:17:07,050 --> 00:17:04,540
that you should become a politician I

393
00:17:09,120 --> 00:17:07,060
actually found on my visit to China the

394
00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:09,130
original poster where Mao tse-tung's

395
00:17:15,360 --> 00:17:12,850
said political power grows out of the

396
00:17:16,079 --> 00:17:15,370
barrel of a gun I've got their poster

397
00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:16,089
Wow

398
00:17:22,050 --> 00:17:17,680
right it's a propaganda poster in

399
00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:22,060
Shanghai so in Australia and most of the

400
00:17:28,980 --> 00:17:24,610
Western world political power grows out

401
00:17:31,740 --> 00:17:28,990
of the politics out of the Parliament so

402
00:17:34,050 --> 00:17:31,750
everybody like I did run for politics

403
00:17:35,820 --> 00:17:34,060
and won it or if you can't support

404
00:17:38,850 --> 00:17:35,830
somebody who will because you can have

405
00:17:41,250 --> 00:17:38,860
influence but you don't have power until

406
00:17:43,020 --> 00:17:41,260
you can write a law so everybody get

407
00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:43,030
into politics and that way the world

408
00:17:46,380 --> 00:17:44,530
will be a better place it's a hard run

409
00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:46,390
and yeah and one of the things that they

410
00:17:50,070 --> 00:17:48,400
they do you remember several years ago

411
00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:50,080
many years ago John Howard spent a lot

412
00:17:54,090 --> 00:17:52,330
of time walking around the pros in Prime

413
00:17:57,780 --> 00:17:54,100
Minister of Australia in various pests

414
00:17:59,700 --> 00:17:57,790
for coal colored jumpsuits on look

415
00:18:02,460 --> 00:17:59,710
hey what else he did that year alright

416
00:18:04,980 --> 00:18:02,470
now what he did was he spent two thirds

417
00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:04,990
of Australia's GDP on submarines that

418
00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:06,340
could not work the columns class

419
00:18:09,450 --> 00:18:07,810
submarines and because they're going to

420
00:18:11,070 --> 00:18:09,460
make local jobs in Adelaide looks like

421
00:18:12,900 --> 00:18:11,080
that wasn't it yeah and making him a

422
00:18:16,140 --> 00:18:12,910
world-class submarine is not a trivial

423
00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:16,150
task and we failed and as a result the

424
00:18:20,310 --> 00:18:18,970
way that he used to convince people not

425
00:18:22,110 --> 00:18:20,320
again to politics we've got wearing

426
00:18:24,690 --> 00:18:22,120
personal jumpsuits the best thing the

427
00:18:26,790 --> 00:18:24,700
politicians have done to us is so that

428
00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:26,800
when I say hey Minard why don't you run

429
00:18:30,030 --> 00:18:28,570
for politics and automatically as a

430
00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:30,040
reflex without even thinking about it

431
00:18:34,260 --> 00:18:32,020
you saying oh god no they're all crooks

432
00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:34,270
and you're missing the point that if you

433
00:18:39,360 --> 00:18:37,090
go in there'll be an honest person who

434
00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:39,370
cares about our children and their

435
00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:41,230
children so this is my lesson for

436
00:18:45,330 --> 00:18:43,570
Australians run for politics or support

437
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:45,340
people who do take your good people in

438
00:18:48,330 --> 00:18:47,290
there passing laws that we like see the

439
00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:48,340
thing that I would imagine be a

440
00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:49,450
challenge particularly for a rational

441
00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:51,370
person like yourself Carl is it is that

442
00:18:54,630 --> 00:18:53,050
politics is the art of compromise

443
00:18:56,490 --> 00:18:54,640
because you can't always get what you

444
00:18:58,920 --> 00:18:56,500
want you have to compromise and how do

445
00:19:00,420 --> 00:18:58,930
you compromise facts you can't and you

446
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:00,430
say that's why you just go in there and

447
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:03,010
be yourself and be honest and be

448
00:19:06,330 --> 00:19:04,480
yourself and just live whatever is on

449
00:19:08,610 --> 00:19:06,340
your mind float out Donald Trump let's

450
00:19:10,800 --> 00:19:08,620
everything I float out and that's been

451
00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:10,810
an interesting lesson it is it's almost

452
00:19:14,190 --> 00:19:12,730
like yeah yeah I don't like what he does

453
00:19:16,350 --> 00:19:14,200
but the fact that he's like he's

454
00:19:18,180 --> 00:19:16,360
actually he appears to be keeping

455
00:19:19,410 --> 00:19:18,190
promises from his election that you

456
00:19:21,420 --> 00:19:19,420
don't they they normally throw him away

457
00:19:22,860 --> 00:19:21,430
and it's like he's got a list he's going

458
00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:22,870
through like Gough Whitlam used to well

459
00:19:27,600 --> 00:19:25,090
whenever I see him on TV I get the

460
00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:27,610
mental impression that I'm watching a

461
00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:30,490
kid in year five at a primary school

462
00:19:37,470 --> 00:19:33,130
giving a report on a book that he hasn't

463
00:19:38,610 --> 00:19:37,480
read marvelous fantastic great a whole

464
00:19:41,190 --> 00:19:38,620
lot of really soft words nothing

465
00:19:42,450 --> 00:19:41,200
specific and dr. Kyle wake up and catch

466
00:19:46,620 --> 00:19:42,460
you online where we can see what you're

467
00:19:49,530 --> 00:19:46,630
up to and dr. Calvo Comdr kar Elcom will

468
00:19:51,780 --> 00:19:49,540
have all my shows and also are just a

469
00:19:52,980 --> 00:19:51,790
freebie I'm very happy to do free

470
00:19:54,420 --> 00:19:52,990
science QAS

471
00:19:56,610 --> 00:19:54,430
with schools anywhere in Australia

472
00:19:58,770 --> 00:19:56,620
around the world just go to dr. Kyle

473
00:20:00,420 --> 00:19:58,780
calm and see the bit that says teachers

474
00:20:02,700 --> 00:20:00,430
want a free sized Q&A session with your

475
00:20:03,810 --> 00:20:02,710
class cost you nothing and you'll fit

476
00:20:04,490 --> 00:20:03,820
into your schedule but you're travelling

477
00:20:06,260 --> 00:20:04,500
around anyway maybe

478
00:20:07,490 --> 00:20:06,270
you never know I use this wonderful

479
00:20:09,890 --> 00:20:07,500
invention called the interwebs

480
00:20:11,390 --> 00:20:09,900
wow that thing that thing yeah alright

481
00:20:13,580 --> 00:20:11,400
and that's what Scott's for I wondered

482
00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:13,590
yeah well I keep on coming across people

483
00:20:18,620 --> 00:20:14,610
who don't know the difference between

484
00:20:21,170 --> 00:20:18,630
these three things Wi-Fi the Internet

485
00:20:22,790 --> 00:20:21,180
and the world wide web it takes about 10

486
00:20:25,100 --> 00:20:22,800
mins to educate them and then they're

487
00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:25,110
very happy and go Cal great talking you

488
00:20:28,509 --> 00:20:26,970
again thank you dr. Maynard

489
00:20:30,909 --> 00:20:28,519
[Applause]

490
00:20:32,529 --> 00:20:30,919
I guess the music is pumping here and of

491
00:20:33,970 --> 00:20:32,539
course what would science be without the

492
00:20:35,530 --> 00:20:33,980
great

493
00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:35,540
[Applause]

494
00:20:41,260 --> 00:20:38,810
the great early work of some pioneers

495
00:20:43,030 --> 00:20:41,270
much of the evolutionary science that

496
00:20:45,460 --> 00:20:43,040
Darwin followed of course that was cool

497
00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:45,470
and the gang cool of course studied at

498
00:20:49,330 --> 00:20:47,450
the University of Edinburgh the gang

499
00:20:51,100 --> 00:20:49,340
studied at the University of Brooklyn

500
00:20:54,730 --> 00:20:51,110
they had tough times but look this is

501
00:20:56,510 --> 00:20:54,740
what they worked out oh yes you love

502
00:20:58,880 --> 00:20:56,520
science

503
00:21:00,410 --> 00:20:58,890
hang on I've never chance to drop my big

504
00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:00,420
word up I've got a big science word to

505
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:01,050
drop on you

506
00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:03,090
if epigenetics what do you know about

507
00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:05,970
that car locks Wow okay is it a real

508
00:21:15,110 --> 00:21:10,050
thing in humans or not yes so the best

509
00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:15,120
example of every genetics is the Dutch

510
00:21:21,020 --> 00:21:16,530
hunger winter

511
00:21:23,330 --> 00:21:21,030
oh my guess so after the for the end of

512
00:21:25,460 --> 00:21:23,340
this fixing World War the Allies were

513
00:21:27,830 --> 00:21:25,470
pushing across towards Holland having

514
00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:27,840
successfully reinvade at Europe they

515
00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:30,090
were trying to get to a bridge at Arnhem

516
00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:31,530
as in Arnhem Land

517
00:21:37,460 --> 00:21:35,850
it's named after that and in preparation

518
00:21:40,780 --> 00:21:37,470
for their getting there the Dutch people

519
00:21:43,430 --> 00:21:40,790
rose up against their nasty oppressors

520
00:21:45,860 --> 00:21:43,440
however the Americans and the Allies

521
00:21:48,740 --> 00:21:45,870
couldn't get there in time the Dutch

522
00:21:51,169 --> 00:21:48,750
within prosper persecuted by their Nazi

523
00:21:52,250 --> 00:21:51,179
oppressors and then starved during Wars

524
00:21:54,370 --> 00:21:52,260
that turning out to be an especially

525
00:21:56,770 --> 00:21:54,380
nasty winter

526
00:21:58,900 --> 00:21:56,780
as you would expect many people died as

527
00:22:02,110 --> 00:21:58,910
you would expect pregnant women would

528
00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:02,120
give birth to smaller babies totally

529
00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:04,610
expected but tragic but expected what

530
00:22:08,740 --> 00:22:06,560
was the big surprise was that when those

531
00:22:11,170 --> 00:22:08,750
babies grew up they then gave birth to

532
00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:11,180
smaller babies who in turn gave birth of

533
00:22:16,450 --> 00:22:13,610
smaller babies so that's there be

534
00:22:20,050 --> 00:22:16,460
genetics epi means around genexus

535
00:22:22,420 --> 00:22:20,060
genetics so you don't change the DNA but

536
00:22:24,670 --> 00:22:22,430
you change you put a little markers on

537
00:22:26,380 --> 00:22:24,680
it around it so you don't read both bits

538
00:22:29,350 --> 00:22:26,390
of it this is how you've got a graph to

539
00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:29,360
plan for a building and you just leave

540
00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:30,890
out a floor or you leave out the doors

541
00:22:38,590 --> 00:22:35,330
so epigenetics is how there are changes

542
00:22:41,470 --> 00:22:38,600
that happen around the DNA even change

543
00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:41,480
how its expressed so for example it was

544
00:22:44,620 --> 00:22:43,130
just natural selection saying there's

545
00:22:46,780 --> 00:22:44,630
not a lot of food around so let's not

546
00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:46,790
have big babies for a while yeah so in

547
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:50,450
bees all of these identical when they

548
00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:53,210
come out of the mother but depending on

549
00:22:59,920 --> 00:22:56,330
what they're fed half a dozen will turn

550
00:23:02,260 --> 00:22:59,930
into Queens that are fertile females and

551
00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:02,270
then the rest depending on their fate

552
00:23:06,760 --> 00:23:04,250
what they fed will mostly turn into

553
00:23:12,730 --> 00:23:06,770
sterile females and a very small number

554
00:23:13,940 --> 00:23:12,740
maybe a thousand will turn into foot all

555
00:23:16,010 --> 00:23:13,950
males

556
00:23:17,450 --> 00:23:16,020
and it's all due to every genetics yeah

557
00:23:21,950 --> 00:23:17,460
so it's a real thing Richard I wasn't

558
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:24,649
yes of course who can forget the early

559
00:23:28,940 --> 00:23:26,850
work and the later work of a doctor

560
00:23:32,509 --> 00:23:28,950
Deborah Harry of course who went to the

561
00:23:36,769 --> 00:23:32,519
University of Studio 56 what the

562
00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:36,779
University of pseudo 54 actually part of

563
00:23:40,399 --> 00:23:38,490
class early transplantation work

564
00:23:43,639 --> 00:23:40,409
unfortunately glass was not exactly a

565
00:23:45,109 --> 00:23:43,649
great idea for a transplant look we've

566
00:23:46,789 --> 00:23:45,119
tried to find a bit of a hushed area

567
00:23:48,350 --> 00:23:46,799
here just a very very crowded room of

568
00:23:50,330 --> 00:23:48,360
the Australian Museum but I'm here with

569
00:23:51,169 --> 00:23:50,340
the producer of science week is that

570
00:23:54,019 --> 00:23:51,179
your correct title

571
00:23:55,999 --> 00:23:54,029
I'm producer to Sydney science festival

572
00:23:58,730 --> 00:23:56,009
so at the Museum of Hyde Arts and

573
00:24:01,070 --> 00:23:58,740
Sciences wow that's wow now that's a lot

574
00:24:03,289 --> 00:24:01,080
of pressure how are you handling it it's

575
00:24:05,810 --> 00:24:03,299
great it's it's a busy time of year for

576
00:24:08,330 --> 00:24:05,820
us but also the most fun time of year

577
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:08,340
everything is culminating in this week

578
00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:10,559
now what is different about this year's

579
00:24:15,649 --> 00:24:12,690
science festival to ones you've been a

580
00:24:17,269 --> 00:24:15,659
part of us or seen in the past yeah so

581
00:24:19,340 --> 00:24:17,279
it's at the fourth year of the festival

582
00:24:22,100 --> 00:24:19,350
it's actually the biggest festival yet

583
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:22,110
so we have more partners and more events

584
00:24:26,149 --> 00:24:23,850
than we've ever had before so that's

585
00:24:28,549 --> 00:24:26,159
really exciting this year we've engaged

586
00:24:30,499 --> 00:24:28,559
with libraries throughout Sydney so we

587
00:24:33,590 --> 00:24:30,509
have a lot more community events all

588
00:24:35,810 --> 00:24:33,600
throughout the city and we're also we

589
00:24:38,570 --> 00:24:35,820
co-produced the festival with Australian

590
00:24:39,419 --> 00:24:38,580
Museum so that's been a big change tunes

591
00:24:42,629 --> 00:24:39,429
been

592
00:24:44,129 --> 00:24:42,639
amazing these your background in event

593
00:24:46,070 --> 00:24:44,139
organizational you've got a science

594
00:24:49,889 --> 00:24:46,080
background as well so actually my

595
00:24:51,149 --> 00:24:49,899
backgrounds in botany what's your

596
00:24:52,909 --> 00:24:51,159
favorite flower what's your favorite

597
00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:52,919
plant come on everyone's got their own

598
00:24:59,099 --> 00:24:56,080
so the Canadian banner say favorite

599
00:25:03,299 --> 00:24:59,109
plant is called hog peanut in the Fei

600
00:25:05,789 --> 00:25:03,309
BAC bean family wise I don't get asked

601
00:25:07,379 --> 00:25:05,799
that enough I know why that one doesn't

602
00:25:11,219 --> 00:25:07,389
look good does it do something special

603
00:25:12,839 --> 00:25:11,229
is it weird it just looks amazing if

604
00:25:14,909 --> 00:25:12,849
you're looking at plants a lot there's

605
00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:14,919
some that speak to you in different ways

606
00:25:19,009 --> 00:25:16,330
and there's some that just say be

607
00:25:21,479 --> 00:25:19,019
humorous or friendly and it just always

608
00:25:24,269 --> 00:25:21,489
smile and love it when I see it

609
00:25:25,950 --> 00:25:24,279
hey I have to ask you I think in the

610
00:25:27,180 --> 00:25:25,960
Canadian botany world do you have any

611
00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:27,190
carnivorous plants like the Venus

612
00:25:30,299 --> 00:25:28,690
flytrap or the Western Australian

613
00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:30,309
picture plant you have plants that need

614
00:25:32,999 --> 00:25:31,330
flies or stuff

615
00:25:35,549 --> 00:25:33,009
we sure do what do you what do you have

616
00:25:39,680 --> 00:25:35,559
we have 10 do say plants in the drosera

617
00:25:46,349 --> 00:25:43,519
very acidic environments not much

618
00:25:48,029 --> 00:25:46,359
drainage and the the Canadian Shield

619
00:25:50,669 --> 00:25:48,039
they never get to talk about this that's

620
00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:50,679
all said pitcher cleanser Saracen is

621
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:52,570
there you can help me because they're

622
00:25:55,889 --> 00:25:54,129
very difficult to grow at home because

623
00:25:57,839 --> 00:25:55,899
you can't get that bog environment in

624
00:26:00,149 --> 00:25:57,849
your garden easily can you is it is

625
00:26:02,369 --> 00:26:00,159
impossible to do I've killed all of the

626
00:26:03,659 --> 00:26:02,379
ones I've tried that makes me feel

627
00:26:05,249 --> 00:26:03,669
better because you're a professional and

628
00:26:07,709 --> 00:26:05,259
you couldn't do it yeah because the soil

629
00:26:12,220 --> 00:26:07,719
is so difficult to match inside yeah

630
00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:12,230
yeah and so rain water not to have one

631
00:26:15,759 --> 00:26:14,450
look congratulations on it once again

632
00:26:16,930 --> 00:26:15,769
and I hope it's going to be great and

633
00:26:18,399 --> 00:26:16,940
thank you for letting us know your

634
00:26:21,399 --> 00:26:18,409
favorite plan now what is it again so we

635
00:26:24,609 --> 00:26:21,409
can go look it up hug peanut Wow can

636
00:26:27,609 --> 00:26:24,619
feel carbon black see Adam Wow and what

637
00:26:30,039 --> 00:26:27,619
website can we find your stuff on Sydney

638
00:26:35,830 --> 00:26:30,049
science comm dot a year thank you very

639
00:26:51,450 --> 00:26:43,490
[Music]

640
00:26:53,970 --> 00:26:51,460
hi I'm Yvette Don trauma aka sigh babe

641
00:26:55,850 --> 00:26:53,980
and I debunk bad science for a living

642
00:26:58,050 --> 00:26:55,860
this includes health nutrition and

643
00:26:59,310 --> 00:26:58,060
general BS on the Internet

644
00:27:01,260 --> 00:26:59,320
and I'm looking forward to seeing you

645
00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:01,270
all at skeptic on on Australia this

646
00:27:22,110 --> 00:27:19,330
October we're in the cafe Madame frou

647
00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:22,120
frou in glee this is hot popular hangout

648
00:27:26,430 --> 00:27:24,850
from four may not actually I wonder if I

649
00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:26,440
can see him he might be here later on

650
00:27:31,170 --> 00:27:28,510
I'm here with ilithyia Dean hello Olivia

651
00:27:34,620 --> 00:27:31,180
g'day Richard lovely to catch up with

652
00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:34,630
you now you're one of the organizers for

653
00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:36,490
the upcoming skeptic on I bet that's

654
00:27:41,010 --> 00:27:39,010
have a busy time for you an exciting

655
00:27:42,030 --> 00:27:41,020
time both exciting and very

656
00:27:43,950 --> 00:27:42,040
nerve-wracking

657
00:27:46,740 --> 00:27:43,960
I really hope we've got a great lineup

658
00:27:48,630 --> 00:27:46,750
that people are really going to enjoy I

659
00:27:51,630 --> 00:27:48,640
know I'm excited about it we're just

660
00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:51,640
waiting for the convention to roll round

661
00:27:56,730 --> 00:27:54,910
in October yeah and then just over a

662
00:27:58,350 --> 00:27:56,740
coffee we were chatting leave the panel

663
00:28:00,210 --> 00:27:58,360
I'm taking part in which is the good

664
00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:00,220
old-fashioned skepticism the ghosties

665
00:28:04,500 --> 00:28:02,710
and the and the paranormal and the spoon

666
00:28:07,500 --> 00:28:04,510
bending and the UFOs and things like

667
00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:07,510
that and the exciting news is Lyn Kelly

668
00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:09,220
will be joining that panel and that's

669
00:28:12,230 --> 00:28:10,810
that's fantastic she wrote a book many

670
00:28:13,730 --> 00:28:12,240
years ago called

671
00:28:15,140 --> 00:28:13,740
oh no what was it called the skeptics

672
00:28:18,140 --> 00:28:15,150
guide to paranormal or something like

673
00:28:19,670 --> 00:28:18,150
that so it's gonna be great lineup

674
00:28:21,650 --> 00:28:19,680
Carrie Poppy's joining us

675
00:28:23,390 --> 00:28:21,660
Beth darling and all sorts of people yes

676
00:28:25,940 --> 00:28:23,400
so riches panel is going to be talking

677
00:28:29,570 --> 00:28:25,950
about that will classic subjects of

678
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:29,580
skepticism like cold reading and URI

679
00:28:39,020 --> 00:28:35,250
hunting and ghosts - ghosts exists find

680
00:28:41,210 --> 00:28:39,030
out now that that's that's going to be a

681
00:28:44,270 --> 00:28:41,220
fascinating panel and it then I think it

682
00:28:46,220 --> 00:28:44,280
will please a lot of people who remember

683
00:28:47,810 --> 00:28:46,230
the good old days of the Australian

684
00:28:49,730 --> 00:28:47,820
skeptics not that these aren't good old

685
00:28:52,550 --> 00:28:49,740
days - but what I'm talking about that

686
00:28:54,410 --> 00:28:52,560
the wonderful investigations of the UFOs

687
00:28:56,180 --> 00:28:54,420
and monsters and spoon bending and

688
00:28:58,910 --> 00:28:56,190
things like that there's a sense of the

689
00:29:01,340 --> 00:28:58,920
retro here which i think which i think

690
00:29:01,730 --> 00:29:01,350
is a bit of fun a bit of fun for

691
00:29:04,310 --> 00:29:01,740
everyone

692
00:29:06,230 --> 00:29:04,320
and who else do we have coming along I

693
00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:06,240
mean I can think of thing people like a

694
00:29:09,710 --> 00:29:07,200
doctor Karl

695
00:29:11,270 --> 00:29:09,720
yep dr. Karl is someone who's been very

696
00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:11,280
supportive at the skeptics over the

697
00:29:15,770 --> 00:29:13,050
years we're so excited to have him again

698
00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:15,780
as our opener and we're also gonna be

699
00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:18,780
seeing a Pamela gay of the Astronomy

700
00:29:23,270 --> 00:29:21,360
cast as I refer to her the most

701
00:29:28,820 --> 00:29:23,280
beautiful voice in podcasting sorry

702
00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:28,830
Richard first of all enough and we've

703
00:29:34,100 --> 00:29:32,610
also got psy babe who's been on this yep

704
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:34,110
who's been very critical of the way I

705
00:29:40,460 --> 00:29:37,650
think as some social media influencers

706
00:29:45,500 --> 00:29:40,470
use fake science to promote nutrition

707
00:29:47,120 --> 00:29:45,510
and who was that Alan Duffy of Professor

708
00:29:50,530 --> 00:29:47,130
Alan Duffy who's gonna be talking with

709
00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:50,540
him like a about space the stars

710
00:29:56,360 --> 00:29:54,960
and it's gonna be amazing it really is

711
00:29:58,790 --> 00:29:56,370
it really is uh

712
00:30:01,970 --> 00:29:58,800
anis anytime is a good time to get your

713
00:30:07,310 --> 00:30:01,980
tickets at Convention dot sceptics calm

714
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:07,320
today you and we hope to offer attendees

715
00:30:12,290 --> 00:30:10,260
some very special services don't we yet

716
00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:12,300
this year we're really looking to make

717
00:30:17,450 --> 00:30:15,530
the event as accessible as possible and

718
00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:17,460
one of the things that we've been

719
00:30:22,340 --> 00:30:19,770
looking into is providing a crash for

720
00:30:25,370 --> 00:30:22,350
families who might otherwise find it

721
00:30:27,260 --> 00:30:25,380
difficult to attend we've been talking

722
00:30:30,310 --> 00:30:27,270
to the venue about providing a nursing

723
00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:30,320
room and we've also been talking about

724
00:30:38,150 --> 00:30:32,420
providing Australian sign language

725
00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:38,160
interpretation services if any of your

726
00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:40,050
listeners Richard would be interested in

727
00:30:44,300 --> 00:30:41,760
accessing these services or have any

728
00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:44,310
other questions we really encourage them

729
00:30:50,210 --> 00:30:47,210
to contact us either via the website or

730
00:30:52,550 --> 00:30:50,220
by calling in to the number at the

731
00:30:54,380 --> 00:30:52,560
australian sceptics website let us know

732
00:30:56,690 --> 00:30:54,390
if this is something that you're

733
00:30:57,980 --> 00:30:56,700
interested in or if you have friends or

734
00:31:00,610 --> 00:30:57,990
family members who might need these

735
00:31:03,170 --> 00:31:00,620
services and we can definitely look at

736
00:31:06,020 --> 00:31:03,180
making it easier for you to attend and

737
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:06,030
that's on top of the Chatswood concourse

738
00:31:09,500 --> 00:31:08,010
having some really great accessibility

739
00:31:12,050 --> 00:31:09,510
themselves for people with mobility

740
00:31:13,790 --> 00:31:12,060
issues and hearing issues absolutely

741
00:31:16,310 --> 00:31:13,800
right and I think your crisis a

742
00:31:19,490 --> 00:31:16,320
wonderful idea I can't I can't recall

743
00:31:21,950 --> 00:31:19,500
seeing one and a convention before here

744
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:21,960
or the states where I've been to having

745
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:24,330
a child minding facility and for those

746
00:31:27,860 --> 00:31:26,010
parents out there who do find it

747
00:31:29,300 --> 00:31:27,870
difficult to get out because they have

748
00:31:33,110 --> 00:31:29,310
to look after little ones I think it's

749
00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:33,120
it's a wonderful opportunity yes so let

750
00:31:37,430 --> 00:31:34,650
us know if this is something you need or

751
00:31:39,230 --> 00:31:37,440
want and mentioning Chatswood of course

752
00:31:41,900 --> 00:31:39,240
and again we were just chatting about it

753
00:31:45,380 --> 00:31:41,910
before the interview chat so it's got to

754
00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:45,390
be one of the most amazing areas for

755
00:31:50,210 --> 00:31:46,890
dining

756
00:31:54,260 --> 00:31:50,220
you can get any food there you are

757
00:31:55,190 --> 00:31:54,270
imagination desires I mean multicultural

758
00:31:57,770 --> 00:31:55,200
cuisine

759
00:32:01,300 --> 00:31:57,780
everywhere you look isn't it Chatswood

760
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:01,310
really is a gem of Sydney's multi cult

761
00:32:06,820 --> 00:32:04,650
multiculturalism and there's regional

762
00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:06,830
cuisine from all over Asia

763
00:32:12,950 --> 00:32:09,570
you could eat from a different region of

764
00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:12,960
China every day and I'm getting hungry

765
00:32:18,140 --> 00:32:16,320
just even talking about it right now and

766
00:32:20,120 --> 00:32:18,150
we'll be there so folks there's the clue

767
00:32:21,920 --> 00:32:20,130
once again convention dot skeptics

768
00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:21,930
dot-com data you check it out see who's

769
00:32:28,100 --> 00:32:24,240
coming along check out all the speakers

770
00:32:30,380 --> 00:32:28,110
and yeah if you're interested in the

771
00:32:33,410 --> 00:32:30,390
crash service or maybe you'd like some

772
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:33,420
help with the sign language please let

773
00:32:36,890 --> 00:32:35,610
us know let us know and we'll know if

774
00:32:38,690 --> 00:32:36,900
we're on the right track well

775
00:32:40,250 --> 00:32:38,700
Alethea we've still got a lot of work to

776
00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:40,260
do before the convention rolls around

777
00:32:44,780 --> 00:32:42,870
but it's all looking very exciting yep

778
00:32:46,680 --> 00:32:44,790
see how much I can pawn off to you

779
00:33:07,090 --> 00:32:46,690
Richard

780
00:33:07,570 --> 00:33:07,100
oh hi Trish hi Wow would you like a

781
00:33:08,980 --> 00:33:07,580
coffee

782
00:33:11,470 --> 00:33:08,990
yeah thanks what you're working on

783
00:33:13,530 --> 00:33:11,480
trying to come up with a new promo to

784
00:33:16,390 --> 00:33:13,540
play on the sceptic zone who's it for

785
00:33:18,970 --> 00:33:16,400
the good thinking society in the UK you

786
00:33:20,890 --> 00:33:18,980
know Michael Marshall Simon Singh Norah

787
00:33:22,540 --> 00:33:20,900
Thomas in the background oh yeah I know

788
00:33:24,990 --> 00:33:22,550
them they've been doing some great work

789
00:33:27,700 --> 00:33:25,000
investigating veterinary homeopathy

790
00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:27,710
veterinary homeopathy what you sugarpill

791
00:33:30,940 --> 00:33:29,510
this for cows I know right

792
00:33:32,620 --> 00:33:30,950
and also they're looking at some of the

793
00:33:35,140 --> 00:33:32,630
dodgy medical advice given by UK

794
00:33:37,180 --> 00:33:35,150
chiropractors really okay look I'll

795
00:33:42,210 --> 00:33:37,190
mention all that in the promo now their

796
00:33:44,530 --> 00:33:42,220
website is good thinking society dog and

797
00:33:46,150 --> 00:33:44,540
they've recently been reporting on the

798
00:33:49,270 --> 00:33:46,160
resurgence of faith healer peter Popoff

799
00:33:57,320 --> 00:33:49,280
you know okay look thanks for that it

800
00:33:57,330 --> 00:34:10,290
[Music]

801
00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:12,520
I'm just walking into the Powerhouse

802
00:34:17,260 --> 00:34:14,810
Museum here in Sydney where tonight they

803
00:34:19,210 --> 00:34:17,270
have a speed meet the scientists night a

804
00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:19,220
roomful of scientists you can sit down

805
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:22,760
and have a chat to many people pairing

806
00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:24,770
many aspects of science many disciplines

807
00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:27,260
and there are so many in fact that I

808
00:34:30,340 --> 00:34:28,730
think this will be a series of

809
00:34:33,190 --> 00:34:30,350
interviews over the next couple of weeks

810
00:34:35,380 --> 00:34:33,200
but if I make my way down this escalator

811
00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:35,390
around the corner there's people milling

812
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:37,490
about already and I'll head for the room

813
00:34:48,940 --> 00:34:40,610
of scientists for part one of speed meet

814
00:34:50,590 --> 00:34:48,950
the scientists it's meet the scientist

815
00:34:54,159 --> 00:34:50,600
night here at the Powerhouse Museum it's

816
00:34:56,470 --> 00:34:54,169
my first table first scientist I've just

817
00:34:59,410 --> 00:34:56,480
come in before the crowds head your way

818
00:35:02,380 --> 00:34:59,420
hello who do we have here no I'm Camilla

819
00:35:04,330 --> 00:35:02,390
Hoyos and what's your or a creaky table

820
00:35:07,450 --> 00:35:04,340
apart from the creaky table what's your

821
00:35:09,530 --> 00:35:07,460
area sleep so I'm interested in how

822
00:35:12,260 --> 00:35:09,540
sleep affects our health

823
00:35:15,560 --> 00:35:12,270
and how we can improve sleep to also try

824
00:35:17,180 --> 00:35:15,570
and ward off health conditions I think a

825
00:35:19,850 --> 00:35:17,190
lot of my audience would be very

826
00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:19,860
interested I'll tell you something that

827
00:35:23,150 --> 00:35:21,780
I found over the years that helps me

828
00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:23,160
sleep and you've probably heard this

829
00:35:27,020 --> 00:35:23,730
before

830
00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:27,030
there's just listening to podcasts or

831
00:35:34,010 --> 00:35:32,250
something in your ears is similar to

832
00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:34,020
listening to the ocean or the rain on

833
00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:36,000
the roof do you think I guess it could

834
00:35:42,530 --> 00:35:39,570
be so what we know is listening can help

835
00:35:44,870 --> 00:35:42,540
because watching something often can

836
00:35:47,830 --> 00:35:44,880
stop us from falling asleep and having

837
00:35:51,740 --> 00:35:47,840
light near us because that is alert and

838
00:35:54,770 --> 00:35:51,750
can stop our normal rhythms from telling

839
00:35:56,450 --> 00:35:54,780
us how to go to sleep and so it's I

840
00:35:58,810 --> 00:35:56,460
guess it's very individual so some

841
00:36:01,130 --> 00:35:58,820
people might find listening to something

842
00:36:03,290 --> 00:36:01,140
alerting again or it might bring out

843
00:36:05,630 --> 00:36:03,300
something I guess but other people would

844
00:36:08,480 --> 00:36:05,640
find it soothing and you know and a lot

845
00:36:10,070 --> 00:36:08,490
of people do find that they you know you

846
00:36:12,710 --> 00:36:10,080
can get machines and stuff I guess it's

847
00:36:14,210 --> 00:36:12,720
very individual and personal that if you

848
00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:14,220
like to hear something that's repetitive

849
00:36:18,350 --> 00:36:15,930
or if you like to listen to something

850
00:36:20,030 --> 00:36:18,360
but if you're listening and making an

851
00:36:22,250 --> 00:36:20,040
effort to listen then for some people

852
00:36:24,620 --> 00:36:22,260
maybe that would mean that you wouldn't

853
00:36:25,940 --> 00:36:24,630
fall asleep as easily that's why so many

854
00:36:28,970 --> 00:36:25,950
people fall asleep listening to my show

855
00:36:31,730 --> 00:36:28,980
because I'm sure they're listening

856
00:36:33,260 --> 00:36:31,740
intently to what you have to say but did

857
00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:33,270
the rain on the roof is a classic isn't

858
00:36:38,210 --> 00:36:35,490
it it gets it's like a lullaby in a way

859
00:36:40,370 --> 00:36:38,220
yeah and I guess the ocean and I like

860
00:36:42,740 --> 00:36:40,380
that but not everyone will I guess it's

861
00:36:43,850 --> 00:36:42,750
yeah different what's the biggest

862
00:36:45,470 --> 00:36:43,860
problem you've come across in your

863
00:36:46,250 --> 00:36:45,480
research with people trying to get a

864
00:36:49,340 --> 00:36:46,260
good night's sleep

865
00:36:52,340 --> 00:36:49,350
so what I look at is sleep disorders I

866
00:36:56,390 --> 00:36:52,350
see write specific disorders yes yeah so

867
00:36:59,960 --> 00:36:56,400
on mostly sleep apnea so we know sleep

868
00:37:03,140 --> 00:36:59,970
apnea is very common and it results in

869
00:37:05,780 --> 00:37:03,150
people having fragmented or disrupted

870
00:37:07,850 --> 00:37:05,790
sleep because when they go to start to

871
00:37:10,790 --> 00:37:07,860
get into deep sleep they can stop to

872
00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:10,800
stop to breathe and so they can stop and

873
00:37:14,930 --> 00:37:12,810
then they their body has to wake them up

874
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:14,940
and so even though they're not they

875
00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:16,720
might not know that they're waking up

876
00:37:20,460 --> 00:37:18,730
kind of going to sleep then waking up

877
00:37:22,410 --> 00:37:20,470
and going to sleep and waking up

878
00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:22,420
so these couldn't be you know mean that

879
00:37:25,490 --> 00:37:24,370
we're sleeping the same amount of time

880
00:37:28,140 --> 00:37:25,500
but they're not having a nice

881
00:37:30,020 --> 00:37:28,150
consolidated sleep and so what we're

882
00:37:32,460 --> 00:37:30,030
interested in is how these affects

883
00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:32,470
health outcomes and there's a lot of

884
00:37:37,020 --> 00:37:34,810
research out there to show that people

885
00:37:39,540 --> 00:37:37,030
can be obviously sleepy the next day and

886
00:37:41,220 --> 00:37:39,550
it can affect alertness and function but

887
00:37:43,650 --> 00:37:41,230
there's been a lot of research into if

888
00:37:46,170 --> 00:37:43,660
it can affect our body and our health

889
00:37:48,750 --> 00:37:46,180
and so we've previously looked at its

890
00:37:52,740 --> 00:37:48,760
links with conditions like obesity and

891
00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:52,750
diabetes and now I'm more in the area of

892
00:38:01,470 --> 00:37:55,810
healthy brain aging and cognitive

893
00:38:03,450 --> 00:38:01,480
impairment Wow Wow you're blowing my

894
00:38:05,220 --> 00:38:03,460
mind and I think I've better go and have

895
00:38:06,870 --> 00:38:05,230
a good night's sleep after that and

896
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:06,880
where if people want to find out more

897
00:38:10,770 --> 00:38:08,530
about what you do I you online

898
00:38:13,530 --> 00:38:10,780
did your work online yes I'm at the

899
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:13,540
University of Sydney but also at the

900
00:38:17,550 --> 00:38:15,010
wall Koch Institute of medical research

901
00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:17,560
so we have a big sleep group there and

902
00:38:21,930 --> 00:38:20,470
also a sleep clinic a big sleep group I

903
00:38:25,410 --> 00:38:21,940
could just picture it now lots of beds

904
00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:25,420
and everyone just crashes there thank

905
00:38:31,980 --> 00:38:27,130
you very much thank you so much thank

906
00:38:33,750 --> 00:38:31,990
you I was walking past all the

907
00:38:37,020 --> 00:38:33,760
scientists minding my own business when

908
00:38:39,120 --> 00:38:37,030
Abbey appeared that is it's made out of

909
00:38:42,510 --> 00:38:39,130
what pipe cleaners and lots of things an

910
00:38:46,620 --> 00:38:42,520
electric toothbrush pipe cleaners some

911
00:38:51,120 --> 00:38:46,630
modelling clay some recycled from

912
00:38:54,240 --> 00:38:51,130
fabrics and it is a blue band babe which

913
00:38:58,200 --> 00:38:54,250
a buzz pollinators who can vibrate the

914
00:39:00,060 --> 00:38:58,210
head at 350 times per second in order to

915
00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:00,070
shake the pollen out of plants how cool

916
00:39:02,610 --> 00:39:00,400
is that

917
00:39:04,830 --> 00:39:02,620
good grief and who do we have here by

918
00:39:07,080 --> 00:39:04,840
the way my name is Emily Van de stock

919
00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:07,090
I'm a PhD researcher at the university

920
00:39:13,380 --> 00:39:09,310
city and I'm researching the role of

921
00:39:15,630 --> 00:39:13,390
native bees in urban places and what's

922
00:39:16,940 --> 00:39:15,640
the big difference between native bee

923
00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:16,950
and

924
00:39:22,910 --> 00:39:19,800
be the bee we see every day which is not

925
00:39:26,630 --> 00:39:22,920
native am i right yes sir

926
00:39:28,370 --> 00:39:26,640
we have over 1,700 species of native

927
00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:28,380
face ah really

928
00:39:32,750 --> 00:39:30,510
yeah and that's the ones that we know of

929
00:39:35,510 --> 00:39:32,760
this probably so many more

930
00:39:36,829 --> 00:39:35,520
so all these budding budding ecologists

931
00:39:38,960 --> 00:39:36,839
out there if you just keep looking

932
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:38,970
around the bees and learn some taxonomy

933
00:39:45,940 --> 00:39:41,690
might be able to name your own species

934
00:39:48,560 --> 00:39:45,950
but the honeybee is just one species

935
00:39:51,470 --> 00:39:48,570
that is actually an introduced species

936
00:39:54,410 --> 00:39:51,480
in Australia it's the one that people

937
00:39:56,030 --> 00:39:54,420
would know as the classic be the native

938
00:39:56,210 --> 00:39:56,040
bees make their own honey I guess they

939
00:40:01,760 --> 00:39:56,220
do

940
00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:01,770
Sydney we have a stingless bee called

941
00:40:07,460 --> 00:40:04,650
the Tetragon yellow carbon area and I

942
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:07,470
say that's so well I kind of think of

943
00:40:11,810 --> 00:40:09,690
them like a pterodactyl in a carbonara

944
00:40:14,720 --> 00:40:11,820
pasta that's one way to remember them

945
00:40:16,520 --> 00:40:14,730
and they do make honey they make this

946
00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:16,530
beautiful lemony honey and they also

947
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:18,890
have these amazing spiral shaped hives

948
00:40:24,620 --> 00:40:22,410
and do the the bee that we know that is

949
00:40:27,170 --> 00:40:24,630
European is that right yeah the European

950
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:27,180
honey bee or at the smell liver up is it

951
00:40:32,270 --> 00:40:29,490
science named to its friends right yes

952
00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:32,280
yeah yeah just do its name and is that

953
00:40:38,089 --> 00:40:34,650
been a huge disruption to the local bees

954
00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:38,099
or they all get on famously well sir

955
00:40:44,329 --> 00:40:40,410
the introduced honey bees have been here

956
00:40:48,230 --> 00:40:44,339
for a very long time now and recent

957
00:40:50,180 --> 00:40:48,240
research shows that generally so long as

958
00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:50,190
there's enough flowers and enough of the

959
00:40:54,740 --> 00:40:52,410
food source and habitat for all the bees

960
00:40:57,890 --> 00:40:54,750
to share that they're not really

961
00:41:00,050 --> 00:40:57,900
competing too much so if there's enough

962
00:41:01,579 --> 00:41:00,060
flowers and resources all the bees can

963
00:41:04,280 --> 00:41:01,589
live in harmony but if there's not

964
00:41:06,859 --> 00:41:04,290
enough so if we keep you know with

965
00:41:08,870 --> 00:41:06,869
habitat destruction and development and

966
00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:08,880
not providing enough green spaces that's

967
00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:11,130
when we might be seeing some competitive

968
00:41:14,810 --> 00:41:12,210
things happening

969
00:41:16,130 --> 00:41:14,820
but this is all like research that's

970
00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:16,140
happening at the moment so watch that

971
00:41:21,470 --> 00:41:19,770
space cutting-edge research about bees

972
00:41:23,660 --> 00:41:21,480
thank you very much has been very

973
00:41:25,970 --> 00:41:23,670
interesting I shall look up Australian

974
00:41:31,310 --> 00:41:25,980
bees yeah and definitely check out the

975
00:41:34,190 --> 00:41:31,320
blue band Bay 350 per second emeritus

976
00:41:35,960 --> 00:41:34,200
buzzing amazing beautiful native babe

977
00:41:37,730 --> 00:41:35,970
and if people want to find out more

978
00:41:39,849 --> 00:41:37,740
about your particular researcher you

979
00:41:43,970 --> 00:41:39,859
online anywhere yes you can go to

980
00:41:46,130 --> 00:41:43,980
cross-pollinating org and it's about

981
00:41:48,410 --> 00:41:46,140
cross pollinating community ecology

982
00:41:50,839 --> 00:41:48,420
citizen science native bees in the city

983
00:41:56,810 --> 00:41:50,849
I love that thank you very much thank

984
00:41:58,849 --> 00:41:56,820
you so much come to another table and

985
00:42:01,250 --> 00:41:58,859
who do we have here I'm Alex Thompson

986
00:42:03,829 --> 00:42:01,260
from jcrane biotech hub at UTSA and

987
00:42:06,620 --> 00:42:03,839
what's your area why you here what you

988
00:42:08,990 --> 00:42:06,630
want to tell people so I am first and

989
00:42:11,570 --> 00:42:09,000
foremost a marine ecologist but what I'm

990
00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:11,580
doing now is looking at algae biotech

991
00:42:14,990 --> 00:42:13,530
and how we can use algae biotech to

992
00:42:18,980 --> 00:42:15,000
change the face of a whole bunch of

993
00:42:20,750 --> 00:42:18,990
industries how so so algae more

994
00:42:22,250 --> 00:42:20,760
specifically microalgae is this really

995
00:42:25,130 --> 00:42:22,260
amazing organism that we can pull

996
00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:25,140
proteins and fats and all sorts of

997
00:42:29,150 --> 00:42:26,970
sugars and stuff out of and use it to

998
00:42:31,579 --> 00:42:29,160
make things like plastics use it for

999
00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:31,589
things in agriculture and aquaculture we

1000
00:42:34,900 --> 00:42:32,970
can use it to make pharmaceuticals

1001
00:42:39,140 --> 00:42:34,910
vaccinations nutraceuticals

1002
00:42:41,270 --> 00:42:39,150
so I managed this degree in biotech hub

1003
00:42:43,339 --> 00:42:41,280
which we are basically kind of promoting

1004
00:42:44,660 --> 00:42:43,349
algae as the next frontier across a

1005
00:42:46,700 --> 00:42:44,670
bunch of different industries and

1006
00:42:49,339 --> 00:42:46,710
helping to educate engage with people

1007
00:42:52,010 --> 00:42:49,349
about just how amazing it is and what

1008
00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:52,020
led you to this branch of research it's

1009
00:42:57,920 --> 00:42:54,450
what should I say it's not exactly

1010
00:42:59,990 --> 00:42:57,930
obscure but it's a little unusual so as

1011
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:00,000
I say I do my PhD in marine ecology and

1012
00:43:04,700 --> 00:43:02,010
I did it within a Research Institute

1013
00:43:05,870 --> 00:43:04,710
that had a really diverse an amazing

1014
00:43:08,089 --> 00:43:05,880
group of researchers that were

1015
00:43:10,910 --> 00:43:08,099
researching everything from like seafood

1016
00:43:14,210 --> 00:43:10,920
safety to corals to really hardcore sort

1017
00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:14,220
of biotech type things and the Research

1018
00:43:16,730 --> 00:43:15,510
Institute came up with an opportunity

1019
00:43:18,410 --> 00:43:16,740
that was presented by a department of

1020
00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:18,420
industry to create this le biotech hub

1021
00:43:22,850 --> 00:43:20,730
and I was there and just saw it as an

1022
00:43:24,260 --> 00:43:22,860
amazing opportunity not only you know

1023
00:43:25,760 --> 00:43:24,270
this is kind of a scientists dream you

1024
00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:25,770
know it's it's taking something that's

1025
00:43:29,180 --> 00:43:28,170
sustainable and biological and showing

1026
00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:29,190
it to people and saying look at this

1027
00:43:33,290 --> 00:43:30,930
amazing thing look what it can do and

1028
00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:33,300
you know really potentially having a

1029
00:43:38,090 --> 00:43:36,210
massive impact on things around us and

1030
00:43:40,730 --> 00:43:38,100
what has taken you by surprise in your

1031
00:43:42,860 --> 00:43:40,740
research anything in particular I just

1032
00:43:45,380 --> 00:43:42,870
think the diverse range of applications

1033
00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:45,390
that something like this can have I

1034
00:43:48,920 --> 00:43:46,800
think that we are really at the

1035
00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:48,930
forefront and you know there is there is

1036
00:43:53,180 --> 00:43:50,970
massive potential for so many things to

1037
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:53,190
change because of this we're wanting to

1038
00:43:56,090 --> 00:43:54,570
make our world more sustainable wanting

1039
00:43:58,580 --> 00:43:56,100
to make industries more sustainable and

1040
00:44:00,530 --> 00:43:58,590
this presents such an opportunity across

1041
00:44:02,630 --> 00:44:00,540
such a wide range of industries and

1042
00:44:03,860 --> 00:44:02,640
spaces and I don't think we've ever seen

1043
00:44:05,930 --> 00:44:03,870
something like this before

1044
00:44:09,980 --> 00:44:05,940
and you can eat it and you can eat it

1045
00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:09,990
absolutely that's absolutely first thing

1046
00:44:20,450 --> 00:44:11,250
well thank you very much and all the

1047
00:44:25,580 --> 00:44:20,460
best of your research Thank You Frankie

1048
00:44:28,220 --> 00:44:25,590
Lee hello hi I've just been meeting

1049
00:44:29,990 --> 00:44:28,230
every sign - oh I've still got some more

1050
00:44:30,470 --> 00:44:30,000
to go I think but so many fascinating

1051
00:44:32,810 --> 00:44:30,480
people

1052
00:44:34,520 --> 00:44:32,820
now you're really responsible for

1053
00:44:35,570 --> 00:44:34,530
putting this wonderful speed meet the

1054
00:44:38,090 --> 00:44:35,580
scientists night together

1055
00:44:40,820 --> 00:44:38,100
I am yeah I've been doing this since we

1056
00:44:43,370 --> 00:44:40,830
did the first one in 2006 at the ultimo

1057
00:44:45,770 --> 00:44:43,380
Science Festival at ABC and it's

1058
00:44:53,000 --> 00:44:45,780
happened every year since then what you

1059
00:44:54,860 --> 00:44:53,010
use it so that's 12 years we must say -

1060
00:44:56,210 --> 00:44:54,870
I mean this is the powerhouse museum and

1061
00:44:58,010 --> 00:44:56,220
other areas open and there's lots of

1062
00:44:59,690 --> 00:44:58,020
people sort of mingling but they do find

1063
00:45:01,160 --> 00:44:59,700
their way here to the room of scientists

1064
00:45:03,200 --> 00:45:01,170
and we look around now and there are

1065
00:45:04,970 --> 00:45:03,210
tables set up everywhere and they're

1066
00:45:07,160 --> 00:45:04,980
more and more people coming sitting with

1067
00:45:08,990 --> 00:45:07,170
the scientists having a chat learning

1068
00:45:10,730 --> 00:45:09,000
all sorts of things it's a really great

1069
00:45:13,310 --> 00:45:10,740
initiative and I wouldn't be surprised

1070
00:45:16,730 --> 00:45:13,320
Frank E if this is copied all around the

1071
00:45:18,080 --> 00:45:16,740
world well I think it it has taken off

1072
00:45:19,550 --> 00:45:18,090
you here bet people doing this and they

1073
00:45:21,560 --> 00:45:19,560
think it's just a normal thing to do now

1074
00:45:24,200 --> 00:45:21,570
so it used to be kind of unusual idea

1075
00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:24,210
and usually once the place is filled

1076
00:45:27,700 --> 00:45:26,250
with customers talking to scientists you

1077
00:45:29,440 --> 00:45:27,710
can't stop them

1078
00:45:31,510 --> 00:45:29,450
in fact I try to ring the bell and get

1079
00:45:33,700 --> 00:45:31,520
them to move on you can't get them they

1080
00:45:35,470 --> 00:45:33,710
just all we're just Chat Chat Chat the

1081
00:45:37,599 --> 00:45:35,480
scientists won't stop to eat or drink

1082
00:45:39,849 --> 00:45:37,609
we're thinking getting like glucose

1083
00:45:43,329 --> 00:45:39,859
intravenous drips for them to get them

1084
00:45:44,859 --> 00:45:43,339
going for the three hours it's a

1085
00:45:47,140 --> 00:45:44,869
wonderful thing thank you it's a great

1086
00:45:50,920 --> 00:45:47,150
sign well you know what I'm going to

1087
00:45:55,210 --> 00:45:50,930
dive in and see if I can't just check to

1088
00:45:57,700 --> 00:45:55,220
a few more and now we're still keeping

1089
00:46:00,040 --> 00:45:57,710
with the marine theme here and who do we

1090
00:46:02,470 --> 00:46:00,050
have my name is Cara and I'm a PhD

1091
00:46:04,270 --> 00:46:02,480
student at the University of Sydney and

1092
00:46:06,099 --> 00:46:04,280
why are you here what you want to talk

1093
00:46:09,460 --> 00:46:06,109
to people about I want to talk to people

1094
00:46:11,140 --> 00:46:09,470
about crustaceans and why taxonomy and

1095
00:46:14,140 --> 00:46:11,150
systematics is important for

1096
00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:14,150
conservation and how we can use fossils

1097
00:46:19,059 --> 00:46:16,640
and by geographical events to determine

1098
00:46:20,410 --> 00:46:19,069
how old these groups are it's

1099
00:46:25,299 --> 00:46:20,420
interesting because right in front of me

1100
00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:25,309
on the desk here we have I think I've

1101
00:46:29,470 --> 00:46:27,410
broken your crustacean what is that one

1102
00:46:32,950 --> 00:46:29,480
I'm looking at this this is a mantis

1103
00:46:36,520 --> 00:46:32,960
shrimp so that does come off yes it's a

1104
00:46:39,220 --> 00:46:36,530
mallard cost rican crustacean so they

1105
00:46:40,809 --> 00:46:39,230
contain your crabs in your Decker pods

1106
00:46:42,130 --> 00:46:40,819
so it's a specific group within

1107
00:46:45,490 --> 00:46:42,140
crustacean known as the higher

1108
00:46:48,130 --> 00:46:45,500
crustaceans and these guys are steamed

1109
00:46:50,140 --> 00:46:48,140
out of pods and you've probably heard of

1110
00:46:52,299 --> 00:46:50,150
them on David Attenborough these are the

1111
00:46:53,559 --> 00:46:52,309
guys that you sort of don't want to keep

1112
00:46:55,960 --> 00:46:53,569
in aquariums and you don't want to get

1113
00:46:59,170 --> 00:46:55,970
too close to because they have a strike

1114
00:47:01,390 --> 00:46:59,180
on using these appendages here which

1115
00:47:04,630 --> 00:47:01,400
exhibits a force similar to that of a 22

1116
00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:04,640
caliber bullet so them right now you've

1117
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:07,790
mentioned it yes I've seen the videos of

1118
00:47:12,910 --> 00:47:10,490
these little creatures unleashing an

1119
00:47:14,950 --> 00:47:12,920
incredible punch isn't it yes it's

1120
00:47:17,559 --> 00:47:14,960
incredible and they're very small and

1121
00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:17,569
they have this cavitation bubble and

1122
00:47:21,819 --> 00:47:20,180
yeah it's an or its enormous ly fast

1123
00:47:23,530 --> 00:47:21,829
it's actually they hold the record for

1124
00:47:26,589 --> 00:47:23,540
the fastest punch in the animal kingdom

1125
00:47:27,819 --> 00:47:26,599
it's it's insanely fast and you don't

1126
00:47:29,500 --> 00:47:27,829
want them to hit you because the bigger

1127
00:47:30,970 --> 00:47:29,510
species they can actually break your

1128
00:47:35,030 --> 00:47:30,980
finger so

1129
00:47:37,580 --> 00:47:35,040
yes I have a pet at home and fortunately

1130
00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:37,590
she's not too big but she has nipped me

1131
00:47:44,180 --> 00:47:39,930
a couple of times and it's it's

1132
00:47:46,220 --> 00:47:44,190
definitely scary yes Wow Wow

1133
00:47:47,450 --> 00:47:46,230
and no it's great because right in front

1134
00:47:49,790 --> 00:47:47,460
of me here you have other things on the

1135
00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:49,800
table big wonderful color photograph and

1136
00:47:53,420 --> 00:47:52,290
a little diagram here of other little

1137
00:47:54,589 --> 00:47:53,430
creatures but I love the little model

1138
00:47:57,140 --> 00:47:54,599
here that looks fantastic

1139
00:47:58,940 --> 00:47:57,150
that's life-size is it there are species

1140
00:48:00,530 --> 00:47:58,950
that are about that size so they range

1141
00:48:02,900 --> 00:48:00,540
from you know from about a centimeter to

1142
00:48:05,240 --> 00:48:02,910
over 30 centimeters so it's quite a

1143
00:48:07,099 --> 00:48:05,250
broad spectrum actually of size yeah oh

1144
00:48:08,930 --> 00:48:07,109
all the best and then don't get punched

1145
00:48:10,430 --> 00:48:08,940
out too often huh yes that's very true

1146
00:48:14,630 --> 00:48:10,440
don't want to run into one in a dark

1147
00:48:16,730 --> 00:48:14,640
alley thank you thank you that was part

1148
00:48:18,710 --> 00:48:16,740
one of speed meet the scientists at the

1149
00:48:20,839 --> 00:48:18,720
Powerhouse Museum play of signs week

1150
00:48:26,340 --> 00:48:20,849
tune in next week to the skipping zone

1151
00:48:42,330 --> 00:48:40,320
[Music]

1152
00:48:45,030 --> 00:48:42,340
this is Kyle from the data skeptic

1153
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:45,040
podcast if you're curious about the way

1154
00:48:49,860 --> 00:48:47,410
data is changing our world topics like

1155
00:48:52,440 --> 00:48:49,870
AI and all this craziness with Facebook

1156
00:48:54,240 --> 00:48:52,450
and BOTS and the Twitter storm and how

1157
00:48:56,310 --> 00:48:54,250
the algorithms that underline that work

1158
00:48:57,900 --> 00:48:56,320
and you don't want a technical deep dive

1159
00:48:59,310 --> 00:48:57,910
you want it you know in the vernacular

1160
00:49:01,020 --> 00:48:59,320
in a way that people can understand

1161
00:49:03,090 --> 00:49:01,030
check us out at data skeptic that's what

1162
00:49:04,950 --> 00:49:03,100
we try and do I interview advanced

1163
00:49:06,660 --> 00:49:04,960
professionals in the field who do this

1164
00:49:11,310 --> 00:49:06,670
sort of research and then I get into

1165
00:49:13,110 --> 00:49:11,320
interesting projects as well we're a

1166
00:49:44,250 --> 00:49:13,120
weekly show and you can find this data

1167
00:49:46,070 --> 00:49:44,260
skeptic calm I'm a writer I research

1168
00:49:48,360 --> 00:49:46,080
last year I had a book come out called

1169
00:49:50,430 --> 00:49:48,370
the secret code breakers of Central

1170
00:49:51,930 --> 00:49:50,440
Bureau which was basically history of

1171
00:49:53,960 --> 00:49:51,940
Australian code breaking in signals

1172
00:49:58,230 --> 00:49:53,970
intelligence in the Second World War

1173
00:50:00,150 --> 00:49:58,240
currently I'm writing a book on a very

1174
00:50:02,730 --> 00:50:00,160
well sort of a tangential topic to that

1175
00:50:05,430 --> 00:50:02,740
one on a woman called Florence Bart

1176
00:50:13,080 --> 00:50:05,440
Mackenzie so who was Florence Mackenzie

1177
00:50:15,990 --> 00:50:13,090
well she was a pretty amazing person in

1178
00:50:17,970 --> 00:50:16,000
that she was Australia's first female

1179
00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:17,980
electrical engineer she got her diploma

1180
00:50:25,980 --> 00:50:23,530
in 1923 and when war broke out in other

1181
00:50:27,990 --> 00:50:25,990
when the Second World War started she

1182
00:50:30,240 --> 00:50:28,000
was still Australia's only female

1183
00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:30,250
electrical engineer so she's

1184
00:50:35,580 --> 00:50:32,770
historically significant on that Ally

1185
00:50:39,480 --> 00:50:35,590
she also was very involved in the early

1186
00:50:41,730 --> 00:50:39,490
radio industry and getting radio and

1187
00:50:43,030 --> 00:50:41,740
wireless up and running in in Australia

1188
00:50:45,070 --> 00:50:43,040
she yeah

1189
00:50:46,750 --> 00:50:45,080
magazine called Wireless weekly which

1190
00:50:49,390 --> 00:50:46,760
turned into a publishing juggernaut

1191
00:50:51,730 --> 00:50:49,400
she wasn't inventor she was a poet she

1192
00:50:53,980 --> 00:50:51,740
started a shot called the wireless shot

1193
00:50:55,990 --> 00:50:53,990
was turned into an enormous retail

1194
00:50:58,500 --> 00:50:56,000
business ended up getting bought out by

1195
00:51:00,880 --> 00:50:58,510
I think RadioShack something like that

1196
00:51:03,250 --> 00:51:00,890
that might not be right but anyway so

1197
00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:03,260
she she did a lot of amazing things but

1198
00:51:07,300 --> 00:51:05,330
the biggest life accomplishment was

1199
00:51:09,850 --> 00:51:07,310
really during the Second World War she

1200
00:51:14,950 --> 00:51:09,860
trained thousands of women and men in

1201
00:51:16,750 --> 00:51:14,960
Morse code and signals Morse code was a

1202
00:51:18,070 --> 00:51:16,760
very big part of the sort of

1203
00:51:19,930 --> 00:51:18,080
communications infrastructure of the

1204
00:51:22,330 --> 00:51:19,940
country it's not now but it was then and

1205
00:51:23,380 --> 00:51:22,340
and she saw the war was probably gonna

1206
00:51:24,730 --> 00:51:23,390
happen and thought you know what they

1207
00:51:26,230 --> 00:51:24,740
get a run out of people who can do this

1208
00:51:28,240 --> 00:51:26,240
stuff but not just Morse put all sorts

1209
00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:28,250
of signaling and to leg release skills

1210
00:51:32,530 --> 00:51:31,130
so she just offer I'm back didn't ask

1211
00:51:34,810 --> 00:51:32,540
for permission no government money

1212
00:51:37,120 --> 00:51:34,820
nothing just started a school in Sydney

1213
00:51:39,490 --> 00:51:37,130
anybody who wants to come on learn Morse

1214
00:51:41,770 --> 00:51:39,500
code come on and so she got all these

1215
00:51:43,720 --> 00:51:41,780
women coming along and learning Morse

1216
00:51:47,040 --> 00:51:43,730
code and something sure enough she was

1217
00:51:49,840 --> 00:51:47,050
right and the military ran out of people

1218
00:51:52,180 --> 00:51:49,850
who could use signals people and they

1219
00:51:53,710 --> 00:51:52,190
were appealing to the public and so she

1220
00:51:55,780 --> 00:51:53,720
went to them and went to the government

1221
00:51:57,880 --> 00:51:55,790
and she said I've trained 2,000 women in

1222
00:52:00,460 --> 00:51:57,890
this stuff up to the standards required

1223
00:52:06,070 --> 00:52:00,470
by the military do you want them oh and

1224
00:52:07,720 --> 00:52:06,080
they said no maybe to take them but um

1225
00:52:10,810 --> 00:52:07,730
she was responsible for getting women to

1226
00:52:12,610 --> 00:52:10,820
the into the Navy and you know there's

1227
00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:12,620
much beloved by all the people that went

1228
00:52:17,830 --> 00:52:15,050
through her signal schools for people

1229
00:52:19,480 --> 00:52:17,840
listening the connection with central

1230
00:52:21,820 --> 00:52:19,490
bureau which was a code-breaking in the

1231
00:52:25,060 --> 00:52:21,830
signals intelligence operation was that

1232
00:52:27,730 --> 00:52:25,070
many of the people even that mrs. Mac

1233
00:52:30,250 --> 00:52:27,740
trained ended up going into intelligence

1234
00:52:32,620 --> 00:52:30,260
operations in Australia and working for

1235
00:52:34,890 --> 00:52:32,630
intelligence organisations because of

1236
00:52:36,790 --> 00:52:34,900
their skills with wireless and and Morse

1237
00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:36,800
so that's the connection and that's

1238
00:52:40,210 --> 00:52:38,330
actually how I discovered her I was

1239
00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:40,220
writing this book on Australian code

1240
00:52:45,490 --> 00:52:42,770
breakers and she wasn't really part of

1241
00:52:48,190 --> 00:52:45,500
the code breaking story she's sort of

1242
00:52:49,499 --> 00:52:48,200
tangential to that anyway there was so

1243
00:52:50,819 --> 00:52:49,509
much interest in that chapter

1244
00:52:52,679 --> 00:52:50,829
but we'll say that I think the

1245
00:52:54,659 --> 00:52:52,689
codebreakers say that she deserves her

1246
00:52:56,279 --> 00:52:54,669
own book yeah I mean she had all these

1247
00:52:58,739 --> 00:52:56,289
innovative technique techniques for

1248
00:53:00,389 --> 00:52:58,749
training people and well she used music

1249
00:53:02,429 --> 00:53:00,399
to teach people so she'd have the teddy

1250
00:53:04,049 --> 00:53:02,439
bears picnic playing so maybe you're

1251
00:53:05,969 --> 00:53:04,059
tapping the amour skis to the teddy

1252
00:53:09,269 --> 00:53:05,979
bears picnic and she had all these cool

1253
00:53:10,829 --> 00:53:09,279
funny rhymes that you have to teach you

1254
00:53:14,370 --> 00:53:10,839
and talk about some of those fries oh

1255
00:53:15,929 --> 00:53:14,380
yes sure it's actually fun meeting

1256
00:53:17,099 --> 00:53:15,939
people who trained with her and trying

1257
00:53:19,999 --> 00:53:17,109
to piece together I don't know if

1258
00:53:22,979 --> 00:53:20,009
there's a complete alphabet of mrs. neck

1259
00:53:24,209 --> 00:53:22,989
mnemonics but I like to think there is

1260
00:53:26,359 --> 00:53:24,219
I'm tracking at all the different

1261
00:53:28,049 --> 00:53:26,369
letters of the alphabet so for instance

1262
00:53:30,259 --> 00:53:28,059
in Morse code

1263
00:53:34,620 --> 00:53:30,269
which is basically just dots and dashes

1264
00:53:37,439 --> 00:53:34,630
the letter Q goes dah dah dah

1265
00:53:39,269 --> 00:53:37,449
it's a and so we got all these young

1266
00:53:41,939 --> 00:53:39,279
women and trying to learn that and so

1267
00:53:44,429 --> 00:53:41,949
she'd say it sounds like he comes the

1268
00:53:49,859 --> 00:53:44,439
bride so they instead of Q is here comes

1269
00:53:52,109 --> 00:53:49,869
the bride there's a letter v ah did ah

1270
00:53:54,809 --> 00:53:52,119
she said oh well that's music as well

1271
00:53:57,569 --> 00:53:54,819
that's just because V looks like the new

1272
00:54:01,139 --> 00:53:57,579
remi new miller glitter 4/5 that's

1273
00:54:03,539 --> 00:54:01,149
Beethoven's fifth Dada and say feel

1274
00:54:07,649 --> 00:54:03,549
anymore you're never gonna get to get ve

1275
00:54:09,719 --> 00:54:07,659
bean they'd open space where to be so

1276
00:54:12,389 --> 00:54:09,729
these are some of the things she did she

1277
00:54:14,129 --> 00:54:12,399
had a lot of interesting tricks for

1278
00:54:16,769 --> 00:54:14,139
teaching people and I think she's

1279
00:54:19,259 --> 00:54:16,779
actually really my Australia's great

1280
00:54:21,870 --> 00:54:19,269
teachers period you know real innovator

1281
00:54:23,609 --> 00:54:21,880
in terms of training in teaching what

1282
00:54:25,409 --> 00:54:23,619
else did she do you mentioned quite a

1283
00:54:29,969 --> 00:54:25,419
few other activities what did she do say

1284
00:54:31,949 --> 00:54:29,979
after the war during the war her signal

1285
00:54:34,499 --> 00:54:31,959
school just got bigger and bigger so you

1286
00:54:36,359 --> 00:54:34,509
know she trained these women and in the

1287
00:54:39,329 --> 00:54:36,369
Navy city s we'd like the women and then

1288
00:54:40,450 --> 00:54:39,339
the Air Force and then they realized

1289
00:54:42,730 --> 00:54:40,460
they didn't have anybody to train

1290
00:54:44,859 --> 00:54:42,740
men going into the signals units and so

1291
00:54:47,050 --> 00:54:44,869
forth so and and for the Air Force

1292
00:54:49,599 --> 00:54:47,060
so her women that she trapped her they

1293
00:54:51,849 --> 00:54:49,609
almost just work you know office workers

1294
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:51,859
in Sydney these young women or even even

1295
00:54:56,620 --> 00:54:55,010
you know just late teens and early 20s

1296
00:54:59,470 --> 00:54:56,630
they were ended up training all the men

1297
00:55:02,560 --> 00:54:59,480
all that all that all the recruits for

1298
00:55:04,839 --> 00:55:02,570
the Australian Air Force the Navy the

1299
00:55:08,380 --> 00:55:04,849
house of 10,000 men they trained these

1300
00:55:10,420 --> 00:55:08,390
these women and then but then after the

1301
00:55:11,980 --> 00:55:10,430
war the whole thing went down and then

1302
00:55:14,050 --> 00:55:11,990
all these veterans started coming back

1303
00:55:16,450 --> 00:55:14,060
and they didn't have jobs so she was

1304
00:55:19,359 --> 00:55:16,460
training she started training some of

1305
00:55:20,710 --> 00:55:19,369
the men she trained before you know guys

1306
00:55:23,310 --> 00:55:20,720
who've learned all these skills in the

1307
00:55:26,710 --> 00:55:23,320
Air Force to become commercial pilots

1308
00:55:28,120 --> 00:55:26,720
and training them to become merchant

1309
00:55:29,650 --> 00:55:28,130
sailors and stuff like this because they

1310
00:55:32,829 --> 00:55:29,660
still needed to learn all of the skills

1311
00:55:36,370 --> 00:55:32,839
involved in in signals so she did that

1312
00:55:37,599 --> 00:55:36,380
until about 1950 - yeah so she did

1313
00:55:39,609 --> 00:55:37,609
different a number of years and then she

1314
00:55:42,400 --> 00:55:39,619
retired they used to be mixed some

1315
00:55:44,710 --> 00:55:42,410
people who knew her what were they roles

1316
00:55:47,440 --> 00:55:44,720
descriptions of her well it's funny like

1317
00:55:49,240 --> 00:55:47,450
I will okay so so there's a few things

1318
00:55:53,170 --> 00:55:49,250
that everybody seems to say she was

1319
00:55:55,900 --> 00:55:53,180
lovely she was amazing and she was very

1320
00:55:58,329 --> 00:55:55,910
very short term I don't know why they

1321
00:56:02,650 --> 00:55:58,339
always mention that so it's been good so

1322
00:56:05,560 --> 00:56:02,660
I'd only found four people who knew her

1323
00:56:08,920 --> 00:56:05,570
in person at various times you know a

1324
00:56:10,720 --> 00:56:08,930
one was a just relative and just

1325
00:56:13,990 --> 00:56:10,730
different people who actually met her in

1326
00:56:15,700 --> 00:56:14,000
some way I've actually discovered many

1327
00:56:17,079 --> 00:56:15,710
other people who knew her and were

1328
00:56:19,270 --> 00:56:17,089
trained by her and it's been just really

1329
00:56:23,950 --> 00:56:19,280
great meeting them and hearing hearing

1330
00:56:26,349 --> 00:56:23,960
the story about her well that's a really

1331
00:56:28,540 --> 00:56:26,359
impressive story if any of our listeners

1332
00:56:29,260 --> 00:56:28,550
want to get in contact with you how can

1333
00:56:31,210 --> 00:56:29,270
you be reached

1334
00:56:33,070 --> 00:56:31,220
oh by email I guess is the simplest

1335
00:56:38,349 --> 00:56:33,080
thing you David duck dia Gmail comments

1336
00:56:40,900 --> 00:56:38,359
div ID d u ft y no dots or anything at

1337
00:56:42,170 --> 00:56:40,910
gmail.com and as duf t why a lot of

1338
00:56:46,510 --> 00:56:42,180
people duck

1339
00:56:48,290 --> 00:56:46,520
is my name duck yeah so you can email me

1340
00:56:50,750 --> 00:56:48,300
about to hear from you if you know

1341
00:56:52,640 --> 00:56:50,760
anything about mrs. Mehta was you know

1342
00:56:53,840 --> 00:56:52,650
signals trading in the Second World War

1343
00:56:55,730 --> 00:56:53,850
or anything like that or if you've got

1344
00:56:58,400 --> 00:56:55,740
any amazing stories about code breaking

1345
00:57:01,040 --> 00:56:58,410
in the Second World War as well a lovely

1346
00:57:02,570 --> 00:57:01,050
performance I know there are well David

1347
00:57:04,160 --> 00:57:02,580
daddy thank you very much

1348
00:57:22,420 --> 00:57:04,170
Thanksgiving

1349
00:57:27,530 --> 00:57:24,770
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1350
00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:27,540
zone next week even more scientists peed

1351
00:57:32,780 --> 00:57:30,210
meeting and Maynard chats to lots of

1352
00:57:35,570 --> 00:57:32,790
other scientists as well more scientists

1353
00:57:37,250 --> 00:57:35,580
than you can poke a test-tube at why

1354
00:57:39,440 --> 00:57:37,260
you'd want to do that I don't know and

1355
00:57:41,810 --> 00:57:39,450
speaking of more scientists then you can

1356
00:57:44,540 --> 00:57:41,820
poke a test-tube at you'll be meeting

1357
00:57:47,599 --> 00:57:44,550
lots of those people and all sorts of

1358
00:57:49,460 --> 00:57:47,609
skeptics and doctors at the Australian

1359
00:57:51,740 --> 00:57:49,470
skeptics National Convention skeptic on

1360
00:57:53,359 --> 00:57:51,750
coming up later in the all very soon we

1361
00:57:56,000 --> 00:57:53,369
keep saying later in the year but

1362
00:57:57,560 --> 00:57:56,010
actually it's very soon now and if you

1363
00:57:59,900 --> 00:57:57,570
haven't bought your tickets yet now's

1364
00:58:01,609 --> 00:57:59,910
the time to do it it helps with numbers

1365
00:58:04,010 --> 00:58:01,619
and not planning and organizing and all

1366
00:58:06,950 --> 00:58:04,020
sorts of things I went to the venue with

1367
00:58:09,260 --> 00:58:06,960
Alethea Dean just a few days ago

1368
00:58:11,900 --> 00:58:09,270
Alethea Maynard and I went there to make

1369
00:58:14,359 --> 00:58:11,910
a promotional video and it's superb the

1370
00:58:16,370 --> 00:58:14,369
concourse at Chatswood now I'm very

1371
00:58:18,980 --> 00:58:16,380
excited to tell you that coming up on

1372
00:58:21,170 --> 00:58:18,990
next week's show we have an interview

1373
00:58:24,680 --> 00:58:21,180
with Stephen Barrett the man behind

1374
00:58:26,329 --> 00:58:24,690
quack watch quack watch.org now you'll

1375
00:58:27,859 --> 00:58:26,339
hear promotions in fact on this week's

1376
00:58:30,380 --> 00:58:27,869
episode you heard the promotion for

1377
00:58:32,990 --> 00:58:30,390
quack watch I've been visiting the site

1378
00:58:35,930 --> 00:58:33,000
for years to find out information about

1379
00:58:39,950 --> 00:58:35,940
homeopathy chiropractic acupuncture and

1380
00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:39,960
on and on and on so I am delighted and

1381
00:58:44,180 --> 00:58:41,760
honored to bring you next week and

1382
00:58:45,829 --> 00:58:44,190
interview with Stephen Barrett thank you

1383
00:58:48,079 --> 00:58:45,839
to those people who contribute to the

1384
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:48,089
sceptic zone via PayPal or patreon I'm

1385
00:58:52,220 --> 00:58:50,010
getting so much use out of the new

1386
00:58:54,589 --> 00:58:52,230
microphone the yellow tech eye XM and I

1387
00:58:57,800 --> 00:58:54,599
can only do that because of the generous

1388
00:59:01,190 --> 00:58:57,810
and kind contributions from skeptic zone

1389
00:59:03,320 --> 00:59:01,200
listeners and also just lately I am able

1390
00:59:05,839 --> 00:59:03,330
to help Maine out out with some new bits

1391
00:59:08,750 --> 00:59:05,849
and pieces and equipment and that's all

1392
00:59:11,950 --> 00:59:08,760
very much appreciated and I hope it

1393
00:59:14,750 --> 00:59:11,960
helps to bring you a better skeptic zone

1394
00:59:16,520 --> 00:59:14,760
but for this week this is Richard

1395
00:59:21,280 --> 00:59:16,530
Saunders signing off from Sydney

1396
00:59:26,610 --> 00:59:23,710
you've been listening to the skeptic

1397
00:59:33,310 --> 00:59:26,620
zone podcast please visit our website at

1398
00:59:36,810 --> 00:59:33,320
wwlp.com tax and to access the bat

1399
00:59:39,460 --> 00:59:36,820
catalog of episodes going back to 2008

1400
00:59:42,760 --> 00:59:39,470
you can follow the skeptic zone podcast

1401
00:59:45,040 --> 00:59:42,770
on twitter at skeptic zone visit our

1402
00:59:45,930 --> 00:59:45,050
facebook page or leave a review on

1403
00:59:48,610 --> 00:59:45,940
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1404
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:48,620
you can also support the skeptic zone

1405
00:59:54,720 --> 00:59:52,010
via patreon or paypal the skeptic zone

1406
00:59:57,100 --> 00:59:54,730
podcast is an independent production

1407
00:59:59,230 --> 00:59:57,110
reviews and opinions expressed on the

1408
01:00:01,570 --> 00:59:59,240
skeptic zone are not necessarily those

1409
01:00:03,360 --> 01:00:01,580
of Australian skeptics or any other

1410
01:00:13,510 --> 01:00:03,370
skeptical organization

1411
01:00:17,240 --> 01:00:15,950
hello you people who listen after the

1412
01:00:20,110 --> 01:00:17,250
music we'll have to give you a special

1413
01:00:27,560 --> 01:00:20,120
name I think all right here we go again

1414
01:00:30,470 --> 01:00:27,570
predicted number from 1 to 1000 and use

1415
01:00:32,180 --> 01:00:30,480
your psychic powers skeptics and

1416
01:00:32,570 --> 01:00:32,190
listeners having psychic paths ok here

1417
01:00:35,000 --> 01:00:32,580
we go

1418
01:00:38,660 --> 01:00:35,010
have you predicted your number from 1 to

1419
01:00:52,520 --> 01:00:38,670
1000 the number is gonna rattle my 10

1420
01:00:56,480 --> 01:00:52,530
sided die here 308 308 all those people

1421
01:00:57,740 --> 01:00:56,490
who predicted 308 well done why don't